KAZAKH
KAZAKH
moved to Belarus in the middle of the twentieth century.
National traits of Kazakhs:
• decisiveness;
• unpretentiousness;
• hospitality;
• solidarity, mutual assistance;
• quick wit;
• diligence;
• respect for wisdom, reverence for ancestors, etc.
Many of the Kazakhs live in the capital of Belarus - Minsk, and the rest - in Brest, Gomel, Mogilev, Grodno and Lida.
THE NATIONAL COSTUME
The Kazakh national costume reflects the ancient traditions of the Kazakhs associated with their ethnic history, economic, social and climatic conditions.
Kazakhs appreciated the skins of asians, saigas and tigers, as well as dark furs - raccoon, desman, sable, marten, and white - ermine and ferrets. The most expensive furs were sable and marten furs, the rest were cheaper.
Satin stitch embroidery was widely used in the manufacture of various elements of the Kazakh national costume. Felt is one of the traditional materials for outerwear in the Kazakh national costume.
Features of the Kazakh national costume:
• both for men and women, clothes are fitted, swing, with a smell on the left edge for everyone.
• women's outfit was richly decorated with chic frills and frills.
• high hats adorned with jewelry, feathers, patterned embroidery.
• discrepancies between festive and everyday clothes were minimal: the festive one had a looser cut, and the jewelry and accessories were more voluminous.
The men's set includes voluminous trousers, underwear, dressing gown, high headdress, belt, boots. Outerwear for the poor part of the male population was a quilted robe made of camel, sheep wool or suede. Wealthy and wealthy Kazakhs wore camisoles or beshmets, for which silk, brocade, thin cloth, velvet were used. Women's outfit was set according to age. For girls and women, the most common clothing was the most fitted bright dress with several rows of frills along the hem, bottom of the sleeves and the collar; colorful velvet camisole; pants, hat and belt, embroidered and decorated with all kinds of patterns and jewelry. A married woman's costume was distinguished by a headdress, and an elderly woman's - by a belt and camisole colors. If the camisoles of young girls are multi-colored, bright, juicy, then in the camisoles of mature women shades of extremely dark colors.
NATIONAL CUISINE
Kazakh national cuisine fully reflects the essence of the people, its history, culture and traditions. Since hospitality has been a distinctive feature of the Kazakh people for a long time, guests are always given a proper welcome in the house and a place of honor is given.
The peculiarity of the Kazakh cuisine is the dominance of various combinations of meat and flour products, which formed the basis of classical national dishes, for example, such as "beshbarmak" (a very ancient dish consisting of pieces of boiled lamb, broth and pieces of dough. In translation, "beshbarmak" means “Five fingers” because they eat it with their hands) and “eet” (boiled meat, cut into narrow slices, with thick noodles and rich broth).
Another distinctive feature of traditional Kazakh cooking is the widespread use of by-products and their combination with meat in various dishes. At present, Kazakhs mainly consume lamb from meat, although horse meat is considered to be the national meat product. It is from it that such traditional dishes for local cuisine are prepared as "shuzhuk", "kazy" (horse meat sausages) and others.
The traditional Kazakh festive dinner is quite peculiar. It opens with kumis (fermented mare's milk), followed by tea with the addition of cream. Various sweet snacks are offered to it: raisins, dried cottage cheese, nuts, "baursaki" - small fried balls of butter dough. Then guests are served a variety of lamb and horse meat snacks and "kuyrdak" - a very fatty roast made from lamb liver, lots of onions and vegetables. The name of the dish comes from "kuyru" (to fry). By-products are used from meat (liver, kidneys, heart, lungs). From vegetables - potatoes, carrots, onions, pumpkin. This is followed by pies with meat and samsa, and the dinner ends with "et". Traditionally, "em" is washed down with kumys. The last one is served again with tea, but in this case without cream and milk.
The feast is not complete without desserts. Shertpek (a mixture of honey and horse fat), chak-chak (or shek-shek: sweet from dough and honey) and talkan (considered a sweet snack, made from well-dried, roasted and crushed wheat mixed with sugar) are distinguished from traditional Kazakh sweets. ...
NATIONAL DANCE
The Kazakh people have long had a distinctive dance culture. Dance, like other types of national art, existed in the life of nomadic pastoralists and conveyed all its features in dance images. This is confirmed by the preserved folk dances, among which are labor (ormek bi - dance of weavers), hunting (goyan bi - hunting a golden eagle for a hare, kusbegi-dauylpaz - teaching a falcon to hunt), competition dances (utys bi), comic, satirical, humorous (nasybaishi), dances of imitation of animals (orteke - goat-jumper, kara zhorga, tepenkok - dance of a horse, running of a pacer, ayu bi - bear dance).
In musical folklore, there were lyrical theatrical dances with singing, round dances, etc.
The festivities associated with the calendar of the working year were especially popular among the people. Competition dances were performed on them - dances showing the audience the agility and endurance of dancers, dancing games, night dances around bonfires. Wedding ceremonies, which lasted for several days, resulted in a vivid theatrical performance, imbued with pantomimic action and comic dances.
There were religious dances, which were performed only by shamans as a means of treating the sick and served to "drive out the evil spirit." Kazakhs had pair dances performed by a young man and a girl - koyan-berkut ("Koyan-burkit"). The art of dance was passed down from generation to generation, each tribe had its own masters. Kazakh folk dances did not have a canonized form. More often they were performed in the form of improvisation. At dance competitions, an emotional, cheerful character was combined with choreographic scenes.
NATIONAL TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
An integral part of the culture of each nation is the preservation of their customs, traditions and rituals, passed down from generation to generation. Customs, traditions and rituals of the Kazakh people were formed over several centuries. Kazakh traditions and customs were influenced by both the nomadic way of life and the Muslim religion. Preservation, study of the cultural heritage, traditions and customs of the Kazakh people is one of the urgent tasks.
The name of the child . When a baby appears in a young family, a grandmother, grandfather or the eldest of relatives gives him a name. He leans over to the baby's ear and says three times: - Your name!
Cradle . When the baby is several days old, he is put in a cradle, which is given for him by a relative of his mother. She is trusted to put the baby to bed for the first time. First, she expels evil spirits from above the crib with a lit wand. She lays down small pillows and blankets. Then he swaddles the baby and ties him up in two places with specially sewn ribbons. He covers with a shapan (headdress), a fur coat so that the baby is a son of the people, hangs up a bridle and a whip to become a good rider, attaches a tumar (talisman) so as not to be jinxed, ties the claws of the golden eagle so that he has a keen eye.
The child is 40 days old . On this day, the child is bathed in water with silver coins and rings. The oldest woman pours 40 tablespoons of water on the child and says: "Let your vertebrae be strong, let your ribs get stronger faster." The hair cut that day is put in a rag and sewn to the shoulder of his clothes. Sweets are wrapped in a shirt that the baby wore until forty days old, tied around the dog's neck and released.
Cutting put . As soon as the child begins to take his first hesitant steps, the parents invite guests to “Tұsaukeser Toyy”. The right to cut the fetters on the legs of a child is not given to everyone. Tұcay kesushi (cutting the bonds) should be a positive person in all respects - solid, wise, honest; those whose life path is worthy of imitation, for, according to legend, the fate of the child will be similar to the fate of this person. In addition, he must also be easy-going, that is, dexterous and fast. Then the child in adulthood will not stumble. It is believed that a child who stepped over the real variegated threads during the "Tұsaukeser" ritual will not commit evil deeds in life, and will grow up to be a decent and honest person.
Initiation into riders . When a boy turns 4-5 years old, he is ordained a rider. An ashamay-er (a special saddle made of wood) is made for him. They choose the calmest three-year-old foal and put the child on it. The father leads the horse all over the aul so that the baby would greet all the people. Women throw shasha (gifts and sweets). Having saddled his first horse, the boy can rightfully consider himself a man.
Toқym қaғu . When a child learns to ride on his own, he leaves the house for the first time. Respected people of venerable age are invited on this day. Guests play the dombra, sing songs, play different games.
Kozy zhasa (lamb age 10-13 years). At 10 years old, boys graze lambs. Therefore, this age was considered the "age of the lamb."
Oy zhasa (sheep age 13-20 years). After 13 years, the boys were trusted to herd sheep.
Zhylky zhasy (horse age 25-40 years). At the age of 25-40, horsemen grazed horses.
Patsha zhasa (royal age 40 years). At this time, a person can be trusted to rule the people, the Kazakhs believe.
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