BELARUSIANS
BELARUSIANS
made up and still constitute the bulk of the population of our country.
National traits of Belarusians:
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hospitality;
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tolerance;
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hard work;
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preservation of spiritual values and traditions;
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tolerance;
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peacefulness, etc.
83.7% of Belarusians live in the Republic of Belarus. The number of Belarusians is constantly growing. The compactness of their residence remains high.
THE NATIONAL COSTUME
The Belarusian national costume is a complex of clothes, shoes and accessories that has developed over the centuries, which was used by Belarusians in everyday and festive use. In the manufacture of the costume, such types of arts and crafts were used as weaving, weaving, jewelry, and leather processing.
A man's suit usually consisted of a shirt embroidered along the collar and bottom, trousers, a vest, and headbands (waistcoat). Sheepskin jackets and fur coats were used as outerwear. There was a wide variety of men's hats: a magerka made of felted wool, a wing made of straw, and in winter a fur hat (ablavukha). Men wore bast shoes as everyday clothes, leather postoles, and boots on holidays.
Women's costume is more diverse, with a pronounced national identity. Four sets are distinguished: with a skirt and an apron; with a skirt, apron and sleeveless jacket (garset); with a skirt to which a corset bodice is sewn; with ponyovy, apron, sleeveless jacket (garset). Women's headdresses were of great social and ritual importance. By their appearance, it was possible to determine the marital and financial situation, the age of the woman. Girls wore wreaths, narrow multi-colored ribbons (discount, hat), and women hid their hair under a cap, putting on a towel-type headdress on top. Women in peasant families most often wore bast shoes. Postols were worn in cold weather.
Boots and women's shoes (charaviks) in the villages were worn only on holidays or in the most prosperous families.
История костюма
NATIONAL CUISINE
The national cuisine of Belarus has been developing for centuries. The culinary traditions of Belarusians are the simplicity of folk recipes and the sophistication of dishes for aristocrats, the varied use of local products. A characteristic feature of the Belarusian national cuisine is the use of such methods of thermal culinary processing of products as baking, boiling, languishing, stewing. Traditional for Belarusian cuisine is a semi-liquid-semi-thick consistency of dishes. Cooking and serving dishes in earthenware (ceramic) dishes is typical.
Belarusian soups were of two types: cold and hot. Hot were mostly flour, vegetable and cereal, with the use of pork or lard. Among them - krupenya, watering, zhur. Cold soups - chillers - were prepared on an acidic basis (kvass, whey).
The second is an integral part of every meal. Second courses are prepared from a variety of ingredients: fish, vegetables, meat, mushrooms. Meat dishes served as a second can be cracklings, bacon, mokanka vyandlichnaya, pyatisto. Vegetable dishes are usually prepared on the basis of potatoes, for example, mashed potatoes: pounding, gulbishniki, coma. Potatoes, appearing in Belarus in the 18th century, enriched the national cuisine and became the basis of many Belarusian dishes. These are famous potato pancakes , sorcerers, pyzy , potato sausage, dumplings, babka ...
Salads are prepared from both fresh and boiled vegetables, seasoned with sunflower oil and sour cream, less often with mayonnaise.
A dessert of Belarusian cuisine is a flour dish. The most common are pancakes, pancakes, loaves, pies. Since ancient times, honey has been the main sweet dessert for Belarusians. They also prepared malt (malt dough), kulaga (jelly made from berries, flour, sugar and honey), and baked apples.
Among the drinks typical for the national cuisine are kvass, birch (kvass from birch sap), maple tree (from maple), mead (a drink made from honey, berries, herbs based on fermentation), sbiten (a hot drink made from honey and spices). Traditional alcoholic beverages are tincture with honey and spices - krambambula, garelka (vodka), zubrovka.
Затирка
NATIONAL DANCE
Any holiday or ceremony on the territory of Belarus was not complete without funny and original dances. For a long time, the Belarusian folk dance did not go beyond the village, as it was considered "muzhik". In 1907, the collective of Ignat Buinitsky appeared in the country, which began to popularize the Belarusian dance, in which he achieved considerable success. People began to recognize folk dances not only in Belarus, but also abroad.
Belarusian folk dances can be divided into cycles corresponding to four periods of the year. In winter, the most striking event is the Christmas week and holy evenings, in the spring - Maslenitsa, in the summer - Kupala, in the fall - Dozhinki. Famous folk dances of Belarus - "Lyavonikha", "Yurachka", "Charot", "Bulba", "Dudaryki", "Mlynok", "Kryzhachok", "Kazachok", "Tsapy" and others.
All of these dances are considered to be paired and are similar in style to each other. The main differences lie in the semantic context, each dance has its own history and emotional coloring, but with all this, energy, dynamics and fun are preserved in every folk dance. Almost always a story is told in a Belarusian dance or a situation is played out.
The musical accompaniment of such dances was never complete without a tambourine and a violin, sometimes ensembles used accordion and cymbals. Sometimes the performance of numerous colorful ditties that accompanied the dance was added to musical instruments. Such attributes of the Belarusian dance made it even more energetic and cheerful.
Лявоніха
NATIONAL TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
Belarusians have carried the uniqueness of their traditions and rituals through the centuries. Over the centuries, some Christian customs have become so tightly intertwined with pagan rituals that it is difficult to distinguish where it came from. Moreover, the Belarusians respect both old rituals and innovations with reverent respect. And all together creates a unique symbiosis, which is called the culture of the Belarusian people.
Holidays for Belarusians are bright, joyful and kind. Most of the Belarusian holidays can be divided into calendar (such as Kolyady, Kupalye, Maslenitsa, Dozhinki, etc.) and family ritual (wedding, christening, funeral). In addition, there are a number of signs that many Belarusians know and believe in.
From time immemorial, Belarusians loved and appreciated their mother nature, so a large number of rituals related to sowing grain, haymaking, and harvesting have survived to our times. In almost all of these rituals, nature appears before us as a living being.
The pride of the country is the perfectly preserved folklore - songs, dances, games, fairy tales, legends, riddles, proverbs and sayings of ancestors have reached the present day, practically unchanged. The same can be said about folk crafts: pottery, wicker and straw weaving, weaving, embroidery, glass painting and other activities.
Belarusian traditions and customs are a reflection of all aspects of the life of the common people. Belarusian traditions reflect not only the way of life and way of life of the people, but also their soul.
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