JEWS
JEWS
the first Jews appeared on the territory of Belarus in the XIV century, during the era of the existence of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
National traits of Jews:
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self confidence;
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self-esteem;
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lack of shyness;
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pride;
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religiosity;
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devotion to the idea, etc.
THE NATIONAL COSTUME
The history of the development of the national costume of the Jews is varied, interesting and even sad. When creating a traditional outfit, representatives of the Jewish nation had to take into account that the inhabitants of most countries are extremely negative towards them. Therefore, they tried to give the clothes such a look so that it looked natural in any area, but at the same time did not depersonalize a person.
The national costume of the Jews does not differ in brightness and saturation of shades. The outfit is restrained, to some extent even strict.
The male national costume of the Jews evokes sympathy for its specific elegance, masterfully emphasizes masculinity and religiosity. The robe is a black cape and frock coat. The cape has an official name - tallit katan. The cape looks like a white rectangle of fabric with a wide slit for the head. Special brushes are placed on the edges. Eight threads hang on each. Women's traditional attire included a skirt, blouse, dress and apron. The dress featured a high collar, also complemented by lace. A tight ring of leather belt was centered at the waist. The Jewish national costume does not contain a large number of acceptable accessories. Men wear belts and ties, but on rare occasions. Women were very fond of hats. Beautiful beads that were worn in two rows were in great demand. Shoes in a Jewish costume are high, rather comfortable shoes that are securely fixed on the leg with the help of strong lacing. In warm weather, they did not wear socks under them, and with the onset of cold weather, they had to use knitted laces. Not a single self-respecting Jew can do without a headdress. In some cases, men use multiple products. Most often it is a yarmulke covered with a dashek or a helmet.
NATIONAL CUISINE
Israeli cuisine is unique and diverse, its history is inseparable from the history of the people themselves. This cuisine is based on recipes with a predominance of grain crops, because the ancient Jewish people are farmers. They ate mainly fruits, grains and legumes. The Jewish cuisine is characterized by a simple, but long-term heat treatment: boiling, stewing with water and under a lid, baking in the oven is used less often.
For the menu of Jewish cuisine, prohibitions on mixing certain categories of products are very characteristic. For example, the simultaneous presence of a combination of meat and milk or meat with fish within the menu or one dish is strictly contraindicated.
Jewish cuisine does not allow the use of pigs, hares, meat of predators (birds and animals), as well as fish without scales and the blood of any animals.
Some of the most commonly eaten meat products are poultry, veal and beef liver. Also, many recipes often contain both chicken and goose fat. The traditional Jewish food is fish, and pike dishes are very popular. Jewish cooking includes a wide variety of dairy and plant foods. Favorite vegetables are potatoes, cabbage, carrots, beets, onions and radishes.
As the first course, Jews adore broths with flour additives, for the second - stuffed fish, vegetables, tsimes (sweet vegetable stew) and all kinds of ground meat dishes such as cutlets, rolls and meatballs.
Spices and herbs are a must in Jewish cuisine: bay leaves, cinnamon, turmeric, cloves, ginger, cumin, black pepper and dill. There should be few spices so as not to interrupt the taste of the main ingredients.
The main difference between Jewish cuisine, distinguishing it from other culinary traditions and giving it its own special flavor, is the observance of religious rules and regulations for the selection and preparation of food.
NATIONAL DANCE
Traditional Jewish dance has been an essential part of the Jewish cultural heritage since biblical times. In the past, it has been used as an integral part of religious ceremonies and rituals. Traditional dances still flourish in some communities to this day.
Jewish dance has been used to express a variety of emotions. Jews from time immemorial have danced to express their joy, sorrow, and any other emotion applicable to a particular time and event.
There are many different types of traditional Jewish dance, but mainly the three most famous genres
Israeli dance is often considered a form of folk dance that is accompanied by music from Israel. It was originally formed during worship during the creation of a new culture in the ancient world, as a result of the combination of various forms of dance along with traditional steps. Israeli folk dance even includes ballet movements.
A favorite Israeli dance, Hawa Nagila was originally a Hebrew folk song that means "let's rejoice." Unlike many Jewish dances, whose leitmotif is faith and freedom, Hawa Nagila is very popular in Jewish communities, which are not as committed to folk traditions as the Orthodox. It is a social, festive dance that is famous all over the world.
Chora is a circular dance that was originally invented in Romania. Chora is often regarded as the most popular circle dance among Jews around the world. Chora can be seen very often at Jewish weddings, bar mitzvahs, and other religious ceremonies.
NATIONAL TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
Like any nation, the Jewish people have their own traditions and customs. Most Jewish customs are associated with religious holidays. People who have experienced many sorrows and hardships know how not only to cry and grieve, but also to rejoice.
The entire history of the Jewish people is closely connected with religion. Holidays are dedicated to the events described in the Holy Books, and many customs originate from there.
In Israel, it is customary to celebrate four whole New Years a year, and none of them falls on January 1st. According to Jewish customs, holidays are also the last day of the week and the beginning of each month.
The most famous Jewish traditions:
Passover is a Jewish Passover, when instead of traditional Orthodox Easter cakes, Jews bake unleavened flat cakes (matzo). Foods made from fermented dough are taken out of the house. Matzah (unleavened cakes) is served on the table, which is eaten for 7 days.
Hanukkah, which is celebrated in November-December. On this holiday, special candles are lit, which are placed in nine-candlesticks (Hanukkah or Minori). On Hanukkah, potato pancakes and donuts are traditionally prepared. Children are allowed to go on vacation.
3. On Purim, which is celebrated in February, everyone tries to do charity work and arrange a generous meal. Cakes, wine and sweets are placed on the festive table; the main dish of the holiday is ghentashen - triangular pies with raisins and poppy seeds.
4. Yom Kippur is the holiest holiday for Jews, when they fast and pray for 25 hours without washing or wearing genuine leather shoes. This day is called "Day of Atonement" and it ends with a lingering sound from the horn of a ram.
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